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Week 4: The Emergence of Modern DesignMet Timeline: Art Nouveau; Louis Comfort Tiffany; Japonisme; Nineteenth Century American Jewelry; Design 1900-25; The Pre-Raphaelites; Symbolism Other Resources: The Lady Lever Art Gallery in Liverpool owns several Pre-raphaelite paintings, and features a good article with links to images on the movement itself. Search through the gallery's pages for other nineteenth-century artists we're studying as well. The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. is currently featuring an exhibit on The Pre-Raphaelite Lens: British Photography and Painting, 1848–1875.See also the Guardian's page on an exhibit of Aesthetic Movement works at the Victoria and Albert Museum I apologize in advance for spacing and coding problems in this list; the whole thing is a mash-up designed (well, sort of) to cram two weeks' worth of topics into one lecture because of the holiday. I just didn't have time to re-code the stuff that Dreamweaver screwed up. The Gothic Revival in Architecture The Palace of Westminster (British Parliament), Charles Barry and A. N. W. Pugin architects, 1835-67 Interior
of the debating
chamber in the House of Lords, designed by A. W. N. Pugin,
1847 Although opposed to many aspects of modern technology, Ruskin was an "early adopter" of photography as an historical tool and, potentially, as an art form.
A note on using museum websites: Museums frequently feel the need to update their web presence(s), and even more frequently change the substance of their exhibits. If a link below from a major museum (such as the Met, MoMA--the Museum of Modern Art in New York--or even the DMA) doesn't work, go to the main site (the index page) and look for the search engine. At the Met you can often find the object by doing an artist search on the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Even if the object is no longer on featured display, it's usually in the database if it's ever been shown online. Feel free to ask me to find it for you, but it'll save you time if you do a simple site search first. Odilon Redon This is MoMA's page with a good essay on Redon and many works--mostly on paper. For a good collection of scans of other Redon works, see CGFA (there are three pages). Beatrice,
1885
Flowers
in a Black Vase, c. 1909-1910. For more DMA holdings,
type "Redon" into the search
window here.
Buddha, 1905 (the link is to the Webmuseum page; scroll down. This is discussed in the Japonism section, below. See the CGFA pages for more examples of Orientalism in Redon's work.) Aubrey Beardsley For a good collection of Beardsley works, see The Savoy: The Art of Aubrey Beardsley. The Climax, 1893 (From Salome by Oscar Wilde) The
Peacock Skirt, 1893 (From Salome)
Turner, Ruskin, and the PreRaphaelite Brotherhood The "grandfather" of the Arts and Crafts Movement, and the inspiration for the Preraphelite Brotherhood, was John Ruskin, who was then famous for his defense of J. M. W. Turner (more on Turner can be found on lists for both weeks one and two, and the Tate's images from its Turner Gallery), for his assessment of modern art in Modern Painters, and for his paean to the Gothic architectural style in The Stones of Venice--especially its chapter on "The Nature of Gothic." (The link is to Google Books and a reprint of an important segment of the essay, pp. 447-449; the image I showed in class is from the Kelmscott Press edition, printed in 1892)). He was also an accomplished watercolorist and social activist.
Ruskin was the first British art critic to embrace the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, with its emphasis on the moral content of art. See the Tate Gallery's exhibition on Ruskin, Turner, and the Pre-Raphaelites, to augment the images I provide. Ford Madox Brown (Artchive page; see the Artcyclopedia for museum holdings) John Everett Millais (the link is to the Lady Lever featured artist page; the Tate's catalogue of Millais's work begins here; it's 7 pages long)
Sir
Edward Coley Burne-Jones (the link is to the Tate Gallery's
extensive collection of works by Burne-Jones). For more
Burne-Jones and a biography, go to the CGFA
online gallery.
Dante
Gabriel Rossetti, The
Seed of David (Triptych) 1858-64
Photo of William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones (platinum print) from the Victoria and Albert Museum collections. Photos of Morris and the Watts portrait are available on the Wikimedia Commons page. Images of Jane (Burden) Morris: by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (see Proserpine, above), by Evelyn de Morgan; several images including photographs. William Morris, La Belle Iseult or Guinevere--the painting for which Jane Burden posed, and of which he was purported to have said, "I cannot paint you, but I love you." Red House, Bexleyheath, Kent 1860 designed by Philip Webb for William Morris and Jane Burden. Images of Red House today. See also this recent article in the Guardian Unlimited on Red House: "Garden of Earthly Delights." For readers, here is an article from the Guardian Unlimited that discusses Pugin's influence on the design of Red House: "House Rules" by Jonathan Glancey. A rather interesting 8-minute lecture (QuickTime) on the plans for Red House is available through the V&A. More videos are available through this link. Three Morris & Co. wallpaper designs: Acanthus Leaf; Chrysanthemum; Willow Bough. The Green Dining Room, Victoria and Albert Museum (a view of the tile panel and door frame) Printing and Typography: Morris and the Kelmscott Press An exhibit from the University of Glasgow, Graphic Design and Visual Culture in Europe 1890-1945: Private Press Books in Special Collections, features images of a number of publications by the press. The first page of Morris's illumination of the Odes of Horace 1876 (a photo of Michael Palin holding the book itself can be seen here). Morris's illuminated version of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (1872). Burne-Jones and Morris worked together on both. William Morris, The Water of The Wondrous Isles 1897. The British Library's page on the Kelmscott Chaucer (illustrated by Burne-Jones; borders and typograpy designed by Morris). The image I showed is now available from the University of Delaware Library. Stained Glass: Neil Ralley's Stained Glass Photography pages on Morris contains twelve pages of excellent images of Morris & Co. glass. The Baptism of Christ window by Burne Jones is on page 1. Japonisme One of the most important influences on late nineteenth-century art was Japanese woodblock printing, and this page on Viewing Japanese Prints has a large number by a large number of artists--including Hiroshige, whose prints were collected by numerous Western artists, like Monet and Cezanne. The Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute features a long, highly informative article that you may find useful: Visions of People: The Influences of Japanese Prints—Ukiyo-e Upon Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century French Art by Patricia Flynn. *Mary Cassatt, The Letter (1891) and The Bath (1891-92). (CGFA) Since the Van Gogh Museum has redesigned its website, the best information on some of the following is more difficult to obtain. Click on "permanent collection" and go from there. I've linked alternative sources where possible. Vincent Van Gogh, The Bridge in the Rain, 1887. Images are from the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam; Ando Hiroshige, Rainstorm on Ohashi Bridge. c. 1857, from the series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. The Courtesan, 1887; Cover of Paris Illustré, 1886 featuring Keisei Eisen's original woodcut image. This page from the van Gogh Museum includes the painting and some details, as well as a thumbnail of the original (A page on "Van Gogh's Japonisme" is in Dutch, but all the Japanese prints I showed are included. Another page on Japonisme in Western art can be found at the same site.) Utagawa Kuniyoshi Picking Cherry Blossoms. c. 1848 (one of the prints in Van Gogh's collection) Sprig of Flowering Almond in a Glass (Blossoming Almond Branch in a Glass). 1888 Flowering Plum Tree after Hiroshige. 1887. Hiroshige's print, Kameido Ume (Japanese apricot) Garden, 1857, also from the One Hundred Famous Views of Edo series. *Claude Monet, La Japonaise, 1876. L'art Nouveau Alphonse Mucha (Czechoslovakia)
René Lalique (France)
Louis
Comfort Tiffany (USA)
Jugendstijl and the Vienna Secession The Vienna Secession is worthy of a course in itself, and the library has two films called Vienna 1900 (the longer one is the best); here's a website that provides a sense of the scope of the era: Vienna 1900, but see the annotated links on the right for more information. Josef Maria Olbrich: Secession Building, Vienna, 1898 Poster
for the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, 1901; and
a study
for Olbrich's house in Darmstadt.
Gustav Klimt, Poster for the 1st Secession exhibition, 1898 The
Three Ages of Woman, 1905
The Kiss, 1908; detail Portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer, 1907 and article from the BBC on its recent sale. Here's a link to the Neue Gallerie in New York, where the painting is now on exhibit. Click on "collection" for the image and some commentary. The Glasgow School
Gesamptkunstwerke
Greene and Greene (Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene). Visit the Greene & Greene Virtual Archives for information and images. A new discovery: architectural drawings of the Gamble House from the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University. The following two houses are good examples of what will come to be called Gesamptkunstwerke in Vienna. The 1985 film, Back to the Future featured exterior shots of the Gamble House, and Interior shots of the Blacker House as sets for Dr. Brown's home.
Frank
Lloyd Wright
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