People and Movements: a page of nouns

Note: it's been a long time since I've updated this page; many links are now broken and it will take time to fix them. If you run acrosss a dead link and locate something to take it's place, please e-mail it to me so I can replace it here. I'd appreciate any help I can get on this project.

The following list is designed to provide you with a starting point for research and sourcebook ideas. Dates (decades) are only approximate, because artists and movements overlap, extend, disappear, and often reappear later. I've tried to list each artist or designer only once, and I apologize in advance for the fact that the list will never be complete; my aim is only to give you some idea of who's out there. Links will be added as I locate them (usually at least a link to the Artcyclopedia entry), but feel free to send me good websites on any of the "nouns." Although it makes me cringe to a certain extent, each list is divided into "Art" and "Design" sections to make research easier, and architects are generally included under "Design." Much of the initial information for this page was obtained from Jean-Louis Ferrier's Art of the 20th Century: The History of Art Year by Year from 1900 to 1999, and the Art of the 20th Century section of History of Art: From Paleolithic to Contemporary (although this, like most of the modern sections, is still under construction). Via the Kelley Library, you can use the online services to access The Grove Dictionary of Art for information on most members of the list (information about accessing these services off campus is available at the Library desk), or use the Dictionary in hard copy on campus. Solid, high-quality readings are linked under "of interest" and are strongly recommended.

A note: many of the links will be to the ArtCyclopedia pages on the artists, since these pages will show you which museums and online galleries house representative works. If good-quality web pages devoted to particular artists are available, I will link them in preference to a more general list. Poster shops and commercial sites are my last resort. Information on designers is often scarce on the web, but look these up in Meggs, especially the 4th edition. Where I haven't yet provided a link, simply copy the name into the Google search window and go from there. And remember that Wikipedia can be a good starting place, but it should never be your final destination on anyone. Some of the more obscure designers may be accessible through design history.org; they're listed below (although some have been removed) because they are mentioned in Meggs. Keep in mind that this is a work in progress, and the massive number of links means that maintaining the page is pretty low on the order of operations for this class.

A further note: many of the people discussed in the two Robert Hughes films we see in class (The Empire of Signs and The Age of Anxiety) are listed below; if I've missed anyone you found interesting, consult the index linked to the schedule for his or her name.

The Forties

Art: Surrealism, Roberto Matta, Leonora Carrington [see the DMA exhibit page on Carrington], Wifredo Lam, Piet Mondrian, Mark Rothko, Giorgio Morandi, Roger Bissière, Pablo Picasso, Jean Dubuffet [Art Brut], Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, Fernand Leger, Henri Matisse, Andre Breton, Giorgio de Chirico, Lucio Fontana, Pierre Bonnard, Hans Hartung, Anna-Eva Bergman, Wols [Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze], Jackson Pollock, CoBrA, Pierre Alechinsky, Karl-Henning Pedersen, Karel Appel, William Baziotes, Arshile Gorky, Kurt Schwitters, Georges Rouault, Jean Hélion, Francis Gruber, Maurice Esteve, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth, Robert Motherwell, Paul Delvaux, James Ensor, Auguste Herbin, Man Ray, Victor Brauner, Hans Hoffman, Arthur Dove, Ben Shahn, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Jacob Lawrence, Romare Bearden (and see the Met's online Flash exhibit on The Block), Rufino Tamayo (if you've got Spanish, go to the Museo Tamayo), Stuart Davis, Milton Avery, Bradley Walker Tomlin, Mark Tobey, Minor White, Lee Miller, Robert Capa, Aaron Siskind, Harry Callahan, Germaine Richier, Max Bill, Werner Bischof, Robert Doisneau

Design: Herbert Bayer, Isamu Noguchi, Richard Neutra, Frank Lloyd Wright, Charles and Ray Eames, Raymond Loewy, Walter Dorwin Teague, Marcello Nizzoli, Gio Ponti, Corradino d'Ascanio, Machine Aesthetic, Functionalism, International Style, Swiss Style, Adrian Frutiger, Arttu Brummer, Leo Lionni, Ben Cunningham, Herbert Matter, Carlo Vivarelli (a proponent of Swiss style--look for him there), Paul Rand, Alvin Lustig, Alex Steinweiss, Bradbury Thompson, Cipe Pineles.

Of Interest: Eye Magazine's Autumn 2002 critique essay on Swiss posters, "The Essence of Graphic Design?" and Katherine McCoy's 1998 article, "American Design Expression: The Evolution of American Typography"

The Fifties

Art: Franz Kline, Barnett Newman, Jacques Villon, Bernard Buffet, Jean Bazaine, Germaine Richier, Jean Dewasne, Ossip Zadkine, Georges Mathieu, Willem de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, Adolph Gottlieb, Edouard Pignon, Ellsworth Kelly, Kenneth Noland, Ernst Wilhelm Nay [here's a good German site on Nay], Balthus, Andre Fougeron, Ad Reinhardt, Max Beckmann, Georges Braque, Jean Arp, Alberto Burri, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Clyfford Still, Jean Tinguely, Nicolas de Stael, Yves Tanguy, Pop Art, Josef Albers, Nicolas Schoffer, Constantin Brancusi, David Smith, Alexander Calder, Yves Klein, Gustave Singier, Friedrich Hundertwasser, Konrad Klapheck, Maria-Elena Vieira da Silva, Eduardo Chillida, Dorothea Tanning (see also the article in Salon, "Oldest Living Surrealist Tells All"), Philip Guston, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Ibram Lassaw, Seymour Lipton, Roy DeCarava, Georges Mathieu, Afro [Afro Basaldella], Art Informel, Josef Sudek, Richard Hamilton, Eduardo Paolozzi, Piero Manzoni, Joan Mitchell, Sam Francis, Anni Albers, Arte nucleare, Enrico Baj, Gianni Dova, Ansel Adams

Design: Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier (in India), Zdenek Kovár, Hans Gugelot, Dieter Rams, Earl S. Tupper, George Nelson, Alec Issigonis, Harley Earl, Eliot Noyes, Ernest Race, New Typography (Jan Tschichold), Otl Aicher, Saul Bass, Lino Sabattini (and the Sabattini company, in Italian), Gerald Benney, Henning Koppel, David Mellor, Sigurd Persson, Beate Kuhn, Timo Sarpaneva, Gertrud Vasegaard (scroll down; the page includes other Danish designers), Richard Latham, Marianne Strengell, Lucienne Day, Robert Stewart, Robin Day, Festival Pattern Group (Festival of Britain, 1951), Alexey Brodovitch, Joseph Binder, Ladislav Sutnar, Will Burtin, Max Huber, Anton Stankowski, Josef Muller-Brockmann, Siegfried Odermatt, George Tscherny, Thomas Geismar, Ivan Chermayeff, Robert Brownjohn, Henry Wolf, Bob Gage, Gene Federico, Giovanni Pintori, William Golden, George Olden, CIBA design staff (scroll down; the page includes other interesting folk), Armando Testa

Of Interest: Chicago architecture

The Sixties

Art: Peter Blake, Daniel Spoerri, Henri Michaux, Frank Stella, Nína Tryggvadóttir, Jean-Michel Atlan, Mark Tobey, Roy Lichtenstein, Edward Kienholz, Niki de Saint-Phalle, David Hockney, Salvador Dali, Marc Chagall, Antoni Tàpies, Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Antoine Pevsner (Anton); Naum Gabo, Arman, New Realism, Morris Louis, Alfonso Ossorio, George Segal, Fluxus, Francis Bacon, Graham Sutherland, Mario Prassinos (in French), Antonio Saura, Martial Raysse, Gaston Chaissac, Emilio Vedova, Jean Fautrier, Claes Oldenburg, Coosje van Bruggen, Antonio Ligabue (in Italian; see also Naive Art), Alain Jacquet, Op Art, Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Kinetic Art, Tom Wesselmann, James Rosenquist, Alberto Giacometti, Minimalism, Sol Lewitt, Allan Kaprow, GRAV [Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel], Andy Warhol, Arte Povera, Jannis Kounellis, Mario Merz, Giovanni Anselmo, Joseph Cornell, Louise Nevelson, Robert Motherwell, Marisol Escobar, BMPT [Daniel Buren, Olivier Mosset, Michel Parmentier (in French), Niele Toroni; article on BMPT in French], Support-Surface, Marcel Duchamp, Constantin Andreou, Sam Francis, Sonia Delauney, Raymond Mason, Cy Twombly, Richard Diebenkorn, Louise Bourgeois, Roman Opalka, Conceptual Art [Art Conceptuel in French, but you can read the artists involved], Joseph Kosuth, Hans Haacke, New Figuration, Dorothy Dehner, Mark di Suvero, John Chamberlain, Eliot Porter, Hans Hartung, Lucio Fontana, Allan Kaprow, Red Grooms, Lucas Samaras, Richard Artschwager, Jim Dine, Wayne Thiebaud, Luis Jimenez, Jess [Jess Collins], Edward Ruscha, Mimmo Rotella, Marcel Broodthaers, Robert Frank, Lee Friedlander, Gary Winograd, Eddie Adams, Larry Poons, Jules Olitski, George Rickey, Jesus Rafael Soto, Julio Le Parc, Chryssa, Robert Irwin, Anthony Caro, Donald Judd, Tony Smith, Ronald Bladen, Robert Morris, Carl Andre, Agnes Martin, Robert Ryman, Yoko Ono, Eva Hesse, Lynda Benglis, Sam Gilliam, Dieter Roth, Antonio Lopez Garcia, Malcolm Morley, Sylvia Mangold, Vija Celmins, OBAC [Organization of Black American Culture; scroll down to 1967], Afri-COBRA [African Commune of Bad Relevant Artists], SPARC [Social and Public Art Resource Center], Judy Baca

Design: Brasilia, Habitat 67 [Moshe Safdie], Marcel Breuer, Eero Saarinen, Buckminster Fuller, Arne Jacobsen, Bruce Archer, Henry Dreyfuss, Archizoom Associati, Superstudio, Leonardo Fiori, Jakob Jensen, Armin Hoffman, Yusaku Kamekura, Masaru Katzumie, Akira Uno, F. H. K. Henrion, Verner Panton, Joe Colombo, Jonathan De Pas, Donato D'Urbino, Paolo Lomazzi, Kartell, Marco Zanuso, Ettore Sottsass, Wharton Esherick, Robert Welch, Enzo Mari, Massimo and Lella Vignelli, Massimo Vignelli, Tapio Wirkkala, Ed Rossbach, Jack Lenor Larsen, Dorothy Liebes, Vuokko Eskolin-Nurmesniemi [Marimekko], George Giusti, Hermann Zapf, Emil Ruder, Rosemarie Tissi, Siegfried Odermatt, Jacqueline S. Casey, Arnold Saks, Peter Palazzo (interview in .pdf), Dugald Stermer, Mike Salisbury, Helmut Krone, John Alcorn, Herb Lubalin, George Lois, Lou Dorfsman, Lance Wyman, Peter Murdoch, Milton Glaser, Wes Wilson, Victor Moscoso, Gunther Kieser, Barbara Stauffacher Solomon, Wolfgang Weingart

Of Interest: Swiss Graphic Design (a poster of posters in .pdf format)

The Seventies

Art: Robert Smithson, Walter de Maria, Michael Heizer, Land Art [Environmental Art], Dennis Oppenheim, Alice Aycock, Carl Andre, Larry Rivers, Domenico Gnoli, Vincent Bioules, Support-Surface (BMRT), Claude Viallat, Nam June Paik, Allen Jones, Pierre Soulages, Yaacov Agam, Ben Vautier, Duane Hanson, Hyperrealism, Ralph Goings, Richard Estes, John Kacere, Cronica de la Realidad (in Spanish), Peter Klasen (in French), Joseph Beuys, Pierre Alechinsky, Ljuba, Roland Cat (and a French forum with less recent images), Joan Miro, Jean-Paul Riopelle (in French), Vladimir Velickovic, Pol Bury, Kenneth Noland, Jean-Robert Ipousteguy, Karl Horst Hodicke, Susan Rothenberg, Miguel Berrocal, Ernst Fuchs, Jean Revol (in French), Bernard Rancillac, R. B. Kitaj, Robert Indiana, Diane Arbus, Dorothea Rockburne, Jo Baer, Judy Chicago, Miriam Schapiro, Feminist Arts Program, Carolee Schneemann, Hannah Wilke, Ana Mendieta, Mary Kelly, Michael Singer, Magdalena Abakanowicz, Alice Neel, Fairfield Porter, Chuck Close, Audrey Flack, Joel Meyerowitz, Jerry Uelsmann, Philip Pearlstein, Wadsworth Jarrell, Alex Katz, David Hammons, Robert Colescott, Adrian Piper, Robert Kushner, Neil Jenney, Jennifer Bartlett, Jim Nutt, Edward Paschke, Pat Steir, Markus Lupertz, Jorg Immendorff, Ant Farm [Cadillac Ranch], Tom Phillips, Joe Tilson, Charles Simonds

Design: Expo 70, Milan design, Alvar Aalto, Renzo Piano, Georges Pompidou Center, Sydney Opera House, Paolo Soleri [Arcosanti], Louis Kahn, Richard Meier, Philip Johnson and John Burgee, James Stirling, Riccardo Dalisi, Global Tools, Total Design, Ivan Chermayeff, Grapus, Enzo Mari, Jean-Paul Vitrac, Ralph Coburn, Bea Feitler, John Massey (and other Container Corporation of America designers), Roger Cook and Dona Shanosky, Jan Lenica, Waldemar Swierzy, Roman Cieslewicz, Marian Nowinski, Woody Pirtle, John Berg, Peter Max, David Lance Goines, Lanny Sommese, Gunther Rambow, Steff Geissbuhler, Dan Friedman, Willi Kunz, Kenneth Hiebert

The Eighties

Art: Sandro Chia, Enzo Cucchi, Francesco Clemente, Transavantgarde, Mimmo Paladino, A. R. Penck, Eclecticism, Wolf Vostell, Anselm Kiefer, Marcus Lupertz, Arman, Paul Rebeyrolle, Bram Van Velde, Ricardo Bofill, Etienne-Martin, Paul Delvaux, Julian Schnabel, Francois Boisrond, Jacques Monory, Erro, Andre Bauchant, Ladislas Kijno, Mario Donizetti, Anne and Patrick Poirier, Richard Serra, Primitivism, Roger Chastel, Charles Delhaes, George Baselitz, Gerard Garouste, Edouard Pignon, Jean-Francois Demeure, Sigmar Polke, Rolf Lukaschewski, Felix Recondo, Guy-Rachel Grataloup, Jean-Michel Alberola, Eugene Leroy, Fernando Botero, Barry Flannagan, Lucien Freud, Robert Combas, Captain Sarkis, Dossou Amidou, Natalia Nesterova, Miquel Barcelo, Jose Maria Sicilia, Rebecca Horn, Francoise Andre, Tony Cragg, Ilya Kabakov, Jeffrey Shaw, Komar and Melamid, Arnulf Rainer, Chen Ting-Che, Lionel Guibout, Joseph Wittlich, Claude Viallat, Anish Kapoor, Al Held, Brice Marden, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Bernd and Hilla Becher, Vito Acconci, Chris Burden, Bruce Nauman, Richard Tuttle, Jackie Winsor, Alan Sonfist, Mary Miss, James Turrell, John Pfahl, Beverly Pepper, Faith Ringgold, Robert Zakanich, Valerie Jaudon, Joyce Kozloff, Robert Moskowitz, Donald Sultan, Jonathan Borofsky, Joel Schapiro, Barry Flanagan, Krzysztof Wadiczko, Cindy Sherman, Jenny Holzer, Guerrilla Girls, Allan McCollum, Mark Tansey, A. R. Penck, Francesco Clemente, David Salle, Enzo Cucchi, Mike and Doug Starn, Eric Fischl, Robert Longo, Nancy Spero, Leon Golub, Ida Applebroog, Sue Coe, Kenny Scharf, David Wojnarowicz, Martin Wong, John Ahearn, Peopon Osorio, Ilya Kabakov, Christian Boltanski, Bill Viola, Peter Halley, Ross Bleckner, Jeff Koons, Ashley Bickerton, Haim Steinbach, Elizabeth Murray, Terry Winters, Philip Taafe, Sean Scully, Tim Rollins and KOS [Kids of Survival], Martin Puryear, Tony Cragg, Richard Deacon, Judy Pfaff, Nancy Graves, Robert Mapplethorpe, Sally Mann, Andres Serrano, Yasumasa Morimura

Design: I. M. Pei, Maya Lin, Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, Helmut Jahn, Peter Eisenman, Rem Koolhaas, Robert Blaich, Memphis, Andrea Branzi, Neville Brody, April Greiman, Katsumie Asaba, Norman Foster, Richard Sapper, Bill Stumpf, Andrea Branzi, Ron Arad, Nigel Coates, Tom Dixon, Eva Jiricna, Sam Maloof, Wendell Castle, Stanley Tigerman, Peter Opsvik, Shiro Kuramata, Aldo Rossi, Michael Graves, Goerge Sowden, Queensbury Hunt, Akio Hamatami, Jim Berte and Robert Miles Runyan, Debra Valencia and Deborah Sussman, the Jerde Partnership, Manhattan Design, Jerzy Janiszewski, R. E. D. Oxenaar and J. J. Kruit, Hard Werken Design, Wild Plakken, Christoph Radl and Valentina Grego, William Longhauser, Michael Vanderbyl, Michael Manwaring, Michael Cronin and Shannon Terry, Paula Scher, Louise Fili, Carin Goldberg and Frank Metz, Gene Greif, Lorraine Loui and Susan Mitchell, Daniel Pelavin, Judith Loesser, Charles S. Anderson, Joe Duffy, Michael Mabry, Susan Kare, Sumner Stone, Rudy VanderLans, Glenn A. Suokko, Emigre Graphics, Zuzana Licko, John Hersey, Katherine McCoy, Edward Fella, Carol Twombly, Robert Slimbach, Hugh Dubberly, Clement Mok, Doris Mitch

The Nineties

Art: Jean-Pierre Velly (in French, but with great images), Francis Moquel, Yves Doare, Daniel Buren, Christian Boltanski, Antoine Revay, Nicolas Alquin, Horia Damian, Jean-Pierre Raynaud, Gastaud, Peter Klasen, Markus Lupertz, Teiji Furuhashi, Gerhard Richter, Bernard Pages, Jean Culot, Jake and Dinos Chapman, Calum Frazer, Bernard Melois, Jacob Pakciarz, Daniel Authquart, Timothy Ely, Rebecca Horn, Richard Long, Richard Prince, Janine Antoni, Sylvie Fleury, Donald Lipski, Fred Wilson, Lothar Baumgarten, Candido Hofer, Thomas Struth, Kiki Smith, Tony Oursler, Gary Hill, Matthew Barney, Ghada Amer, Feliz Gonzalez-Torres, Mona Hatoum, Yinka Shonibare, Gabriel Orozco, Mike Kelley, Carrie Mae Weems, Glen Ligon, Lorna Simpson, Nan Goldin, Renee Cox, William Kentridge, Jimmie Durham, Shirin Neshat, Mariko Mori, Takashi Murakami, Kerry James Marshall, Robert Gober, Rineke Dijkstra, Shimon Attie, Whitfield Lovell, Rachel Whiteread, Doris Salcedo, Jeff Wall, Ann Hamilton, Andy Goldsworthy, Olafur Eliasson, Jonathan Lasker, Roni Horn, Fiona Rae, Ellen Gallagher, Raymond Pettibon, Charles Ray, Marlene Dumas, John Currin, Jessica Stockholder, Liam Gillick, Lisa Yuskavage, Jason Rhoades, Damien Hirst, Cai Guoqiang, Daniel Brush, Mark Dion, Tara Donovan

Design: Roger Tallon, Jean-Michel Wilmotte, Philippe Starck, Swatch, Tadao Ando, Anti-Design, Gaetano Pesce, Frank Gehry, Robert A. M. Stern [Disney Animation Building], Cesar Pelli, Zaha Hadid, Bernard Tschumi, Diana Thater, Junichi Arai, Stephen Kroninger, Anton Beeke, Studio Dunbar, David Carson, Fred Woodward, Matthew Carter, P. Scott Makela, Laurie Haycock Makela and Mat Eller [Walker Art Center], Bill Hill, Terry Irwin, Jeff Zwerner [MetaDesign San Francisco], Bob Aufuldish, Kyle Cooper, Timothy Ely, Nick Bantock, Johanna Drucker

Of interest: Closed Circuit: Video and New Media at the Metropolitan

The Twenty-first Century [a section in progress]

Art: Julian LaVerdiere and Paul Myoda [twin towers light tribute], Shahzia Sikander, Kara Walker, Ellen Gallagher, Wolfgang Laib; Jill Kempson, Patrick Faulhaber

Design: Marcel Wanders

Of interest: esurance.com's retro TV commercials (cf. the Jetsons and James Bond)

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